02.08.2020

ancient thebes greece economy

These two coins from Thebes show the kind of shield that Thebans carried in battle, and on the other side one has a trident and a fish, for Poseidon, and the other has a drinking cup.

On the other hand, slaves who worked in households assisting the matron of the family in her household tasks were probably treated much better as a rule. Several of the old stories center around Thebes. Being only 35 feet long and 15 feet wide with a capacity of 30 tons, it is probably the kind of merchant vessel that made short hauls and kept within sight of the coastline. Athens even had agreements with other states in which the latter gave favorable treatment to traders bound for Athens with grain.On the other hand, Athens did not tax its citizens directly except in cases of state emergencies (Although the Finley model is right in many respects with regard to the limited interest and involvement of the state in the economy, one recent trend has been to show through carefully focused examinations of specific phenomena that Finley pressed his case too far. With regard to the details, however, recent studies are showing that the Finley model does at least need to be revised. This could be accomplished simply by farming a small plot of land. Archaeological evidence and literary references from such works as the epic poems of Homer (the For the most part, governments did not actively involve themselves in economic matters, except during the occasional political upheavals between “haves” and “have-nots” in which land might be confiscated from the few and redistributed to the many. In Athens, those who worked on state projects were paid one The potter's work consisted of selecting the clay, fashioning the vase, drying and painting and baking it, and applying varnish. The fact that they could use the coins independently of their original political context (and for what else besides economic purposes then?) “Recent Literature on Ancient Greek Economic Thought.” Morris, Ian. In most cases they were probably captives from internecine tribal wars and sold to slave traders who shipped them to various parts of the Greek world.The treatment of chattel slaves varied, depending on the whims of individual slave owners and the types of jobs done by the slaves. But although the Ptolemies also exported wheat and papyrus, for the most part, the economy of Egypt was a closed one. On the other hand, by the Classical period a self-sufficient household economy was an ideal that was becoming increasingly difficult to maintain as the various sectors of economic activity became more specialized, more impersonal, and more profit oriented as well.As in the Archaic period, the most important economic sector was still tied to the land and the majority of agriculture continued to be carried out on the subsistence level by numerous small family farms, even though the distribution of land among the population was far from equal. In the meantime, though, we can still use Finley’s model as a basic description while being careful to acknowledge the contradictory evidence provided by recent studies and continuing to investigate the various sectors of the ancient Greek economy at various times and places.The bibliography on the ancient Greek economy is enormous and it would be counterproductive to list all works here. Thucydides, for example, does takes care to describe the financial resources of Athens during the Peloponnesian War.Poems and dramas also contain evidence concerning the ancient Greek economy.

Thus, the papyri include information about such things as taxes, government-controlled lands and labor, and the unique numismatic policies of the Ptolemies.Epigraphic evidence comes in the form of stone inscriptions from public and private institutions.
Athens and Sparta are famous examples of two almost polar opposites in their social and political organizations and this is no less true with regard to their economic institutions.

However, the state probably had no intention to improve efficiency or to provide better quality olive oil at lower prices to its citizens. He distinguished between “substantivist” and “formalist” economic analysis. Significant variations from the Athenian example will be noted, however, as will some recent trends in scholarship.It is first necessary to distinguish between the public and private sectors of the economy. Thus, we see greatly increased government control over the economy, as evidenced most strikingly in the surviving papyrus records of the Greek Ptolemaic dynasty that ruled Egypt.A large percentage of the land and, therefore, agriculture, was controlled by the Greek royal dynasties that ran the Hellenistic kingdoms.

In addition, reference will be made to some recent scholarly trends in the field.Although the ancient Greeks achieved a high degree of sophistication in their political, philosophical, and literary analyses and have, therefore, left us with a significant amount of evidence concerning these matters, few Greeks attempted what we would call sophisticated economic analysis. The evidence, such as fortification of using Cyclopean stonework style , wall paintings and linear B script tablets , can back that claim. The former tended to be rather humble, made of unbaked mud brick laid on a stone foundation and covered by a thatched or tiled roof. Greek soil has been likened to "stinginess" or "tightness" (Since it was so labour-intensive, up to 80% of the Greek population were employed in the agricultural industry. Taxes were levied on houses, slaves, herds and flocks, wines, and hay, among other things. Unfortunately, some of the most impressive technological innovations of the Hellenistic period, such as Heron’s steam engine, were never applied in any significant way.

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