02.08.2020

manitoba and métis land scrip 1870

Consequently, the government dispatched separate commissions to deal with these new claims. Section 31 set aside 1.4 million acres of land for distribution among the children of Métis heads of families residing in the province, while section 32 guaranteed all old settlers, Métis or white, “peaceable possession” of the lots they occupied in the Red River settlement prior to 15 July, 1870. (While the government stated that scrip was to be “dealt with without…delay,” the process was remarkably slow. Next was the wait to receive patent to the land, provided there were no conflicts with other settlers or reserves made for other purposes, such as railway or school grants. It created the province of Manitoba and continued to enforce An Act for the Temporary Government of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territories when united with Canada upon the absorption of the British territories of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territoryinto Canada on July 15, 1870. Throughout the 1880s and into the 1890s, twelve such orders served to define and clarify the scrip policy. Scrip was first used in Manitoba, where it provided a means to fulfilling the terms of the 1870 Manitoba Act – the outcome of negotiations between the Manitoba Métis and Ottawa following the 1870 Red River Resistance. Both the Prior to 1899, the Department of Interior held that Métis title would not be dealt with until Indian title had first been extinguished, suggesting a perceived stratification of Aboriginal title. Previously, children received 240 acres or $240 while adults received 160 acres or $160. The scrip process was legally complex and disorganized; this made it difficult for Métis people to acquire land, yet simultaneously created room for fraud.

This concept of stratified Aboriginal title was not yet fully developed in the 1880s, and in fact, did not appear until 1887.Unlike the effect of Indian treaties in the North-West, the protection of Métis lands was not secured by the scrip policy. The policy continued to be the only means of extinguishing Métis Aboriginal title in Canada well into the 1920s. Métis claims to Aboriginal title in the northern part of Saskatchewan were considered at the same time as treaties were negotiated.

Again, as with the Manitoba Scrip Commissions, this policy was laid out through a series of orders-in-council. Manitoba Scrip. In 1870, the Canadian government devised a system of scrip — referred to as Métis (or “half-breed”) scrip — that issued documents redeemable for land or money. Scrip buyers, sometimes operating for the same outfit, often pre-arranged a set price for scrip.Eventually, the role of speculators became cause for legislative change. 3 These grants were meant to extinguish any aboriginal rights to the landscape that they might hold as an indigenous culture.

An increase of activity in the region due to the gold rush, namely miners and prospectors, brought the potential for conflict.

This process varied from commission to commission, but this format was standard to all phases.Scrip was first used in Manitoba, where it provided a means to fulfilling the terms of the 1870 Concerned that their occupation of the land would not be recognized, the Métis petitioned Ottawa to consider their interests. The practice was winked at evidently at the time and the offences were very numerous. Scrip is any document used in place of legal tender, for example a certificate or voucher, where the bearer is entitled to certain rights. However the half-breed himself was required by the Department of the Interior to appear in person at the office of the land agent and select his land and hand over his scrip. In most cases, the scrip policy did not consider Métis ways of life, did not guarantee their land rights, and did not facilitate any economic or lifestyle transition. The Commission travelled only through northern Alberta in 1899, but held a sitting at Fond du Lac in 1901. Each claimant was required to provide, by affidavit or "two reliable and disinterested witnesses,"More challenges followed the application process. Government officials recognized the importance of Métis to the treaty process, and were concerned that they would hinder treaty negotiations if their claims were not dealt with, too.Another difference was the amount of scrip issued. In all, 24,326 claims were approved by 1929.to satisfy any claims existing in connection with the extinguishments of the Indian title, preferred by half-breeds resident in the North-West Territories outside of the limits of Manitoba, on the fifteenth day of July, one thousand eight hundred and seventy, by granting land to such persons, to such extent and on such terms and conditions, as may be deemed expedient.It appears that the scrip was handed to the half-breeds by the agent of the Indian Department and it was then purchased, for small sums of course, by speculators. (See alsoFederal Departments of Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada.) Some Métis people sold their money scrip to land speculators for much less than it was worth, either because they needed funds or were cheated out of the true value.

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